| kuliahkaryawan.upri.ac.id | Layanan Informasi 17 Jam Telp/Fax : 021-8762002, 8762003, 8762004, 87912360 HP/SMS : 081 1110 4824 27, 0812 9526 2009, 08523 1234 000, 0815 145 78119 WhatsApp : 0817 0816 486, 0812 9526 2009, 0815 145 78119 email : _ Hubungi Kami _ _ silahkan klik | | | | | | Mac Bone X Leopard Mac Os 10 Leopard (version 10.5) is the 6th major release of Mac Bone X, Apple'southward desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. Leopard was released on 26 October 2007 as the successor of Tiger (version 10.four), and is available in ii variants: a desktop version suitable for personal computers, and a server version, Mac Bone Ten Server. Leopard was superseded past Snow Leopard (version x.six). Leopard is the final version of Mac OS X to support the PowerPC architecture as Snow Leopard functions solely on Intel based Macs. Co-ordinate to Apple, Leopard contains over 300 changes and enhancements over its predecessor, Mac OS X Tiger, [1] covering core operating system components as well equally included applications and programmer tools. Leopard introduces a significantly revised desktop, with a redesigned Dock, Stacks, a semitransparent menu bar, and an updated Finder that incorporates the Cover Flow visual navigation interface first seen in iTunes. Other notable features include support for writing 64-bit graphical user interface applications, an automatic backup utility chosen Fourth dimension Machine, support for Spotlight searches across multiple machines, and the inclusion of Front Row and Photograph Booth, which were previously included with only some Mac models. Apple tree missed Leopard's release time frame as originally announced by Apple's CEO Steve Jobs. When get-go discussed in June 2005, Jobs had stated that Apple tree intended to release Leopard at the end of 2006 or early 2007. [2] A year later, this was amended to Spring 2007; [iii] nevertheless on 12 April 2007, Apple issued a argument that its release would exist delayed until Oct 2007 considering of the development of the iPhone. [4] New and changed features Terminate-user features Apple advertised that Mac Os X Leopard has 300+ new features, [5] including: - A new and improved Automator , with like shooting fish in a barrel starting points to easily start a workflow. It also can quickly create or edit workflows with new interface improvements. At present it can use a new action chosen "Watch Me Do" that lets you record a user action (like pressing a button or controlling an awarding without built-in Automator back up) and replay every bit an action in a workflow. Information technology can create more than useful Automator workflows with actions for RSS feeds, iSight camera video snapshots, PDF manipulation, and much more.
- Back to My Mac, a feature for MobileMe users that allows users to access files on their home computer while away from home via the internet.
- Boot Military camp, a software assistant allowing for the installation of other operating systems, such as Windows XP (SP2 or later) or Windows Vista, on a separate partition (or separate internal drive) on Intel-based Macs.
- Dashboard enhancements, including Web Prune, a feature that allows users to turn a office of any Web page displayed in Safari into a live Dashboard widget, and Dashcode to help developers code widgets. [half-dozen]
- New Desktop, comprises a redesigned iii-D dock with a new grouping feature chosen Stacks, which displays files in either a "fan" style, "grid" manner, or (since 10.five.2) a "list" way. R.L. Prior, on the ThinkMac web log, criticized the shelf-similar Dock along with a number of other changes to the user interface. [7]
- Dictionary tin now search Wikipedia, and a lexicon of Apple tree terminology too. Also included is the Japanese-language dictionary Daijisen, Progressive E-J and Progressive J-East dictionaries, and the 25000-give-and-take thesaurus "Tsukaikata no Wakaru Ruigo Reikai Jiten" (使い方の分かる類語例解辞典 ? ), all of which are provided past the Japanese publisher Shogakukan. [eight] [ix]
- A redesigned Finder , with features similar to those seen in iTunes vii, including Cover Flow and a Source list-similar sidebar.
- Front Row has been reworked to closely resemble the interface of the original Apple Boob tube.
- iCal calendar sharing and group scheduling also as syncing event invitations from Post. [10] The icon also reflects the current date even when the awarding is not running. In previous versions of Mac Bone Ten, the icon would evidence 17 July in the icon any time the application was not running but the current date when the awarding was running.
- iChat enhancements, including multiple logins, invisibility, animated icons, and tabbed chats, similar to features present in Pidgin, Adium and the iChat plugin Chax; iChat Theater, assuasive users to incorporate images from iPhoto, presentations from Keynote, videos from QuickTime, and other Quick Look features into video chats; and Backdrops, which are similar to blush keys, but use a real-time departure matte technique which does not require a light-green or blue screen. iChat besides implements screen sharing, a feature previously bachelor with Apple Remote Desktop. [3] [eleven] [12]
- Postal service enhancements including the additions of RSS feeds, Stationery, Notes, and to-dos. To-dos utilize a organization-wide service that is bachelor to all applications. [thirteen]
- Network file sharing improvements include more granular control over permissions, consolidation of AFP, FTP and SMB sharing into ane command console, and the ability to share individual folders, a characteristic that had non been available since Mac OS 9. [14]
- Parental controls now include the ability to identify restrictions on use of the Net and to set parental controls from anywhere using remote setup. [15]
- Photo Booth enhancements, including video recording with real-time filters and blue/green-screen technology.
- Podcast Capture, an awarding assuasive users to tape and distribute podcasts. Information technology requires access to a computer running Mac OS X Server with Podcast Producer.
- Preview adds support for note, graphics, extraction, search, markup, Instant Blastoff and size adjustment tools. [16]
- Quick Wait , a framework allowing documents to be viewed without opening them in an external application and can preview it in full screen. [17] Plug-ins are available for Quick Look so that you tin too view other files, such as Installer Packages.
 - Safari 3, which includes Web Prune.
- Spaces, an implementation of virtual desktops (individually called "Spaces"), allows multiple desktops per user, with certain applications and windows in each desktop. [xviii] Users can organize sure Spaces for certain applications (due east.chiliad., ane for work-related tasks and one for amusement) and switch between them. Exposé works within Spaces, allowing the user to see at a glance all desktops on one screen. [19] ) Users can create and control upwards to 16 spaces, and applications can exist switched between each one, creating a very big workspace. The car-switching characteristic in Spaces has annoyed some of its users. Apple added a new preference in 10.5.ii which disabled this characteristic, merely there were all the same bugs found while switching windows. In 10.five.3, this problem was addressed and was no longer an issue. [20]
- Spotlight incorporates additional search capabilities such as Boolean operators, also equally the ability to search other computers (with permissions). [21]
- Time Machine, an automated fill-in utility which allows the user to restore files that have been deleted or replaced by some other version of a file. [22] Though mostly lauded in the printing every bit a step forward for data recovery, Time Machine has been criticized in multiple publications for lacking the capabilities of third-party backup software. Analyzing the feature for TidBITS, Joe Kissell pointed out that Time Machine does non create bootable copies of backed-up volumes, does not back up to Drome Disk hard drives and will not support FileVault encrypted home directories until the user logs out, last that the characteristic is "pretty good at what it does" simply he will just utilise information technology equally part of a "broader backup strategy". [23] [24] [25] One of these issues has been resolved, still; On 19 March 2008, updates were released for Airdrome and Time Machine, assuasive for Fourth dimension Machine to use a USB hd which has been connected to an Airport Extreme Base Station. [26]
- Universal Access enhancements: significant improvements to applications including VoiceOver, along with increased back up for Braille, closed captioning and a new high‐quality Spoken language synthesis phonation. [27]
- Many changes to the user interface , such every bit a transparent menu bar, new icons, and a 3D Dock. Likewise equally this, the Apple tree icon is now black instead of blueish. R.Fifty. Prior, on the ThinkMac weblog, criticized a number of changes to Leopard's user interface, including the transparent menu bar and the new folder icons. [seven] Decreased transparency of the menu bar, along with the ability to disable the menu bar transparency were added with the 10.5.2 release on eleven February 2008. [28]
- Russian language back up, bringing the total to xviii languages. [29]
- Leopard removes back up for Classic applications. [30]
Programmer technologies - Native back up by many libraries and frameworks for 64-chip applications, allowing 64-flake Cocoa applications. Existing 32-scrap applications using those libraries and frameworks should continue to run without the need for emulation or translation. [31]
- Leopard offers the Objective-C 2.0 runtime, which includes new features such as garbage drove. Xcode three.0 supports the updated language and was itself rewritten with it. [32]
- A new framework, Cadre Blitheness, allows a programmer to create complex animations while specifying only a "start" and a "goal" space. The main goal of Core Animation is to enable the creation of circuitous animations with small amounts of program code.
- Apple integrates DTrace from the OpenSolaris project and adds a graphical interface chosen Instruments (previously Xray). DTrace provides tools that users, administrators and developers can employ to tune the performance of the operating arrangement and the applications that run on information technology. [33]
- The new Scripting Bridge allows programmers to apply Python and Cherry-red to interface with the Cocoa frameworks. [34]
- Cherry on Rails is included in the default install.
- Leopard'south OpenGL stack has been updated to version 2.ane, and uses LLVM to increment its vertex processing speed. [35] Apple tree has been working to get LLVM integrated into GCC; [36] LLVM's use within other operating arrangement facilities has not been announced.
- The Graphics and Media State of the Union address confirmed many other features are possible considering of Cadre Animation, such every bit live desktops, improvements to Quartz Composer with custom patches, a new PDF Kit for developers, and improvements to QuickTime APIs.
- The
FSEvents framework allows applications to annals for notifications of changes to a given directory tree. [37] - Leopard includes a read-simply implementation of the ZFS file system.
-
- In mid-December 2006, a pre-release version of Leopard appeared to include support for Sun's ZFS. [38] Jonathan Schwartz, CEO and President of Dominicus Microsystems, boasted on 6 June 2007 that ZFS has become "the file arrangement" for Leopard. [39] Nevertheless, the senior project marketing director for Mac Os X stated on xi June 2007 that the existing HFS+, not ZFS, will exist used in Leopard. Apple tree later on clarified that a read-only version of ZFS would be included. [40]
- Leopard includes drivers for UDF 2.v, necessary for reading Hard disk drive DVD and Blu-ray discs using third-political party drives, but the included DVD Player software tin can only play HD DVDs authored by DVD Studio Pro. [41]
- Leopard includes a framework implementing latent semantic mapping for classifying (e.chiliad. textual) data.
- Leopard is the commencement operating organization with open up source BSD code to exist certified as fully UNIX compliant. [42] [43] Certification means that software post-obit the Single UNIX Specification tin can be compiled and run on Leopard without the need for whatever code modification. [34] The certification just applies to Leopard when run on Intel processors. [44]
- Leopard includes J2SE 5.0. [45]
Security enhancements New security features intend to provide better internal resiliency to successful attacks, in addition to preventing attacks from being successful in the first place. - Library Randomization
- Leopard implements library randomization, [46] which randomizes the locations of some libraries in memory. Vulnerabilities that corrupt program retentivity often rely on known addresses for these library routines, which allow injected lawmaking to launch processes or change files. Library randomization is presumably a stepping-rock to a more than complete implementation of address space layout randomization at a afterward appointment.
- Application Layer Firewall
- Leopard ships with two firewall engines: the original BSD IPFW, which was present in earlier releases of Mac Os X, and the new Leopard Awarding Layer Firewall. Unlike IPFW, which intercepts and filters IP datagrams earlier the kernel performs meaning processing, the Application Layer Firewall operates at the socket layer, bound to individual processes. The Awarding Layer Firewall tin can therefore brand filtering decisions on a per-application ground. Of the two-firewall engines, only the Application Layer Firewall is fully exposed in the Leopard user interface. The new firewall offers less control over private bundle decisions (users can determine to allow or deny connections organization wide or to individual applications, but must utilize IPFW to set up fine-grained TCP/IP header level policies). It besides makes several policy exceptions for organization processes: neither mDNSResponder nor programs running with superuser privileges are filtered. [47]
- Sandboxes
- Leopard includes kernel-level support for function-based access control (RBAC). RBAC is intended to prevent, for example, an awarding similar Mail service from editing the password database.
- Application Signing
- Leopard provides a framework to utilise public key signatures for code signing to verify, in some circumstances, that code has not been tampered with. Signatures can also be used to ensure that i program replacing some other is truly an "update", and carry whatever special security privileges across to the new version. This reduces the number of user security prompts, and the likelihood of the user being trained to simply clicking "OK" to everything.
- Secure Invitee Account
- Guests can exist given access to a Leopard organisation with an account that the system erases and resets at logout. [48]
Security features in Leopard take been criticized every bit weak or ineffective, with the publisher Heise Security documenting that the Leopard installer downgraded firewall protection and exposed services to attack even when the firewall was re-enabled. Several researchers noted that the Library Randomization feature added to Leopard was ineffective compared to mature implementations on other platforms, and that the new "secure Guest account" could be driveling by Guests to retain access to the system fifty-fifty after the Leopard log out procedure erased their home directory. [49] [l] [51] [52] System requirements Apple states the post-obit basic Leopard arrangement requirements, although, for some specific applications and deportment (such every bit iChat backdrops) an Intel processor is required: [53] - Processor: any Intel processor, or PowerPC G5 or G4 (867 MHz and faster) processor
- Optical drive: internal or external DVD drive (for installation of the operating system)
- Memory: minimum 512 MB of RAM (additional RAM (1 GB) is recommended for development purposes)
- Hard drive capacity: Minimum 9 GB of deejay space available.
Leopard's retail version was not released in separate versions for each blazon of processor, but instead consisted of 1 universal release that could run on both PowerPC and Intel processors. [31] However, the install discs that ship with Intel-based Macs only contain Intel binaries.[ citation needed ] Processor type and speed are checked during installation and installation halted if insufficient; however, Leopard will run on slower G4 processor machines (e.m., a 733mhz Quicksilver) if the installation is performed on a supported Mac and its hard-drive and so moved to a slower/unsupported ane (the drive may either be an internal mechanism or a Firewire external).[ citation needed ] Supported machines Leopard tin can run on the later apartment panel iMac G4s, the outset iMac G5, second iMac G5 (with the ambient light sensor), tertiary iMac G5 (with iSight), iMac Intel Cadre Duo and (nowadays day) iMac Intel Core 2 Duo, PowerBook G4, Power Mac G4, Power Mac G5, iBook G4, MacBook, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, Mac Pro, Mac Mini, Xserve, Xserve G5, Xserve RAID, Macintosh Server G4, and subsequently eMac models. Leopard can run on older hardware as long as they have a G4 upgrade installed running at the 867 MHz or faster, accept at to the lowest degree 9 GB free of hard bulldoze space, 512 MB RAM and have a DVD drive. Leopard withal will non run on the 900 MHz iBook G3 models even though they exceed the minimum 867 MHz requirement. This is due to the lack of AltiVec in the G3 line of processors and the fact that most pre-G4 and early G4 systems do not accept video hardware capable of supporting Cadre Epitome, two technologies Leopard relies upon heavily, amidst others. Leopard can be "hacked" (see below) to install on these G3 and pre-867 MHz G4 machines only the organization may carry erratically and many of the programs, features, and functions may non work properly or at all. As of Mid 2010, some Apple computers have firmware factory installed which volition no longer allow installation of Mac Os X Leopard. These computers only allow installation and running of Mac OS X Snow Leopard.[ citation needed ] However, some computers (such equally the 2011 model of the Mac mini) tin have Leopard installed on them without hacking. Usage on unsupported hardware Some ways of running Leopard on certain unsupported hardware, primarily PowerPC G4 computers with CPU speeds lower than the official requirement of 867 MHz, have been discovered. A common way is use of the plan LeopardAssist, which is a bootloader similar in some respects to XPostFacto (used for installing earlier releases of Mac OS X on unsupported G3 and pre-G3 Macs) that uses the Mac'southward Open Firmware to tell Leopard that the machine does accept a CPU meeting the 867 MHz minimum requirement that the Installer checks for earlier installation is allowed to commence, when in reality the CPU is slower. [54] Currently, LeopardAssist only runs on slower G4s and many people have installed Leopard successfully on these older machines. Users who have access to supported hardware take installed Leopard on the supported machine then simply moved the hard drive to the unsupported auto. Alternatively, the Leopard Installation DVD was booted on a supported Mac, and so installed on an unsupported Mac via Firewire Target Disk Mode. Leopard is just compiled for AltiVec-enabled PowerPC processors (G4 and G5) though, too as Intel, then both of these methods will but work on Macs with G4 or later CPUs. While some of the earlier beta releases were made to run on some later G3 machines (mostly later on 800–900 MHz iBooks), no success with the retail version has been officially reported on G3 Macs except for some later on iMacs and "Pismo" PowerBook G3s with G4 processor upgrades installed. For a number of months after Leopard's release information technology appeared that the merely G3 Macs on which Leopard could be run were those with both an aftermarket G4 processor and an AGP graphics card, as failures with the OS partially booting before crashing were reported on older Macs such every bit the original tray-loading iMacs and the Beige and Blue & White Power Mac G3 (all with G4 upgrades equally Leopard will not fifty-fifty begin to load without i) whereas it would kick fine on newer Macs where the Installer brake had been circumvented. However, more than recently it has been reported [55] [56] that with some more work and use of kernel extensions from XPostFacto, Tiger and beta builds of Leopard, the Os can be made to run on G4-upgraded Macs as old as the Power Macintosh 9500, despite the lack of AGP-based graphics. While Leopard can be run on any Mac with a G4 or afterward processor, some functionality such every bit Front Row or Time Machine fails to work without a Quartz Extreme-capable graphics card, which many of the earlier G4s did non include in their mill specification. Since Apple moved to using Intel processors in their computers, the OSx86 community has developed and now also allows Mac Os X Tiger and subsequently releases to exist installed and run successfully on non-Apple x86-based computers, albeit in violation of Apple'south licensing agreement for Mac Os X. Packaging The retail packaging for Leopard is significantly smaller than that of previous versions of Mac Bone X (although later copies of Tiger also came in the new smaller box). It also sports a lenticular cover, making the X appear to float in a higher place a purple milky way, somewhat resembling the default Leopard desktop wallpaper. [57] Release history | Version | Build | Date | OS name | Notes | Download | | ten.5 | 9A581 | October 26, 2007 | Darwin 9.0 | Original retail DVD release | N/A | | 10.5.one | 9B18 | Nov fifteen, 2007 | Darwin ix.1 | About the Mac Bone X ten.5.1 Update; 2d retail DVD release | Mac Os Ten 10.v.1 Update | | x.five.two | 9C31, 9C7010 | Feb 11, 2008 | Darwin 9.two | About the Mac Os 10 10.v.2 Update | Mac OS X 10.five.2 Combo Update | | x.5.3 | 9D34 | May 28, 2008 | Darwin 9.3 | About the Mac OS X 10.5.3 Update | Mac Os X ten.v.3 Update | | 10.five.4 | 9E17 | June 30, 2008 | Darwin 9.4 | Well-nigh the Mac OS X 10.five.4 update; Third retail DVD release | Mac OS X 10.5.four Update | | 10.five.five | 9F33 | September 15, 2008 | Darwin ix.5 | About the Mac OS Ten ten.5.v Update | Mac OS 10 10.5.v Update | | 10.5.6 | 9G55 | December 15, 2008 | Darwin nine.6 | About the Mac OS X 10.v.vi Update | Mac OS 10 x.v.6 Update | | 9G66 | January half dozen, 2009 | Fourth retail DVD release (part of Mac Box Set) | N/A | | x.5.seven | 9J61 | May 12, 2009 | Darwin 9.7 | Near the Mac OS Ten x.v.7 Update | Mac OS X 10.5.7 Update | | 10.5.8 | 9L30 | August v, 2009 | Darwin nine.8 | Near the Mac Bone Ten 10.v.8 Update | Mac Bone X 10.5.eight Update
Mac Os X 10.five.8 Update Combo | Compatibility After Leopard'southward release, there were widely-reported incidents of new Leopard installs hanging during boot on the blue screen that appears just before the login procedure starts. [58] Apple tree attributed these problems to an outdated version of an unsupported add-on extension called Application Enhancer (APE), from Unsanity which had been incompatible with Leopard. Some users were unaware that APE had been silently installed during installation of Logitech mouse drivers. Even so, just the users who did non have the latest version of APE installed (2.0.3 at that fourth dimension) were afflicted. [59] Apple published a knowledge base article on how to solve this trouble. [60] Google announced that the Chrome browser volition exist dropping support for Leopard starting on Chrome 21. By that fourth dimension Chrome will no longer auto-update, and new Chrome installations are unallowed. Their rationale for removal of support is that Leopard is an "OS X version as well no longer being updated by Apple." [61] Firefox as well dropped back up for Leopard subsequently it shipped Firefox 16 in Oct, 2012. [62] References - ^ "Mac Os X Leopard — Features - 300+ New Features". Apple Inc.. 16 October 2007. http://world wide web.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html . Retrieved 2007-10-xvi.
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